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I

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imagine taking off from an airport

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runway flying at three to five times the

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speed of sound at altitudes of 20 miles

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or even higher a few short hours after

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departure you come to a stop halfway

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around the world or maybe you took off

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from a runway and flew directly into

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orbit to work in space and then you

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returned landing on a conventional

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Airport runway the National aerospace

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plane will try to make both scenarios a

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reality NASA and the Department of

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Defense have done research on hyper

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sonic technology for many years the NASA

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technology demonstrator will be a highly

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advanced explain a new member of the

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elite special research aircraft that

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includes the x1 which in 1947 was the

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first aircraft to break the speed of

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sound and fly supersonic in the early

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1960s the x-15 became one of the first

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manned hypersonic aircraft and reached

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speeds of Mach 7 or about 4,500 miles

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per hour one of the key technological

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developments of the x30 or NASA are in

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the propulsion area an air-breathing

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hydrogen-fueled supersonic combustion

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ramjet engine or scramjet engine is now

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being developed for speeds from about

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Mach 7 to Mach 25 the engine uses the

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velocity of the vehicle to compress air

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as it is rammed into the intake this

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compressed air is then mixed with

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gaseous hydrogen at this stage to

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generate high thrust a development on

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which we will focus is materials here to

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speak on that is Matt MELAS with the

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advent of the aerospace plane there's

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become a need for a lot of new material

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development beyond a shadow of a doubt

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we need new materials alright and these

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new materials will most probably be

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composite materials but instead of using

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on

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metal matrix based composite will be

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using our epoxy based will be using a

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metal matrix based composite all right

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metal matrix being copper for instance

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one of the big problems NASA is facing

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with the advent of the National

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aerospace plane deals with not only

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finding the right materials to use but

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in cooling them as well we have to

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figure out some way of making a very

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strong material that's going to survive

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in a high temperature environment and

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what we're going to have to do is

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actively cool this material alright by

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putting some kind of a cryogenic fluid

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behind a gaseous hydrogen or liquid

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hydrogen which is very cold and acts as

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a good heat transfer medium to take heat

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away from the leading edge so on on one

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side of the of the material on the

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inside of the wing for instance there'll

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be a lot of coolant rushing through to

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cool the inside down and on the outside

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you'll have a very hot surface and that

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is why we need to high heat conductivity

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for instance you look at fighter jets

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that's travel mock water Mach 2 or even

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the Concorde which goes oh come on to

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you see the three wins are very narrow

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okay and there's a problem with that

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because the smaller the leading edge

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gets the more difficult it is to cool

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and the hotter it gets because it's such

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a small it's just such a small point

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lying out there in the free stream that

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it gets very warm very quickly the

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national aerospace plane is one of the

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projects being developed by NASA for

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future space use but we cannot expect it

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to do all of our work in space the

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national aerospace plane being something

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that will possibly be able to supplement

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the shuttle fleet or maybe even replace

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it but obviously if you have an airplane

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that can take off from a runway and go

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to orbit with some people in it and go

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to the space station for instance or

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something like that obviously it would

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be capable of shuttle type operations as

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far as payload goes I think moving big

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things like space station components or

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say for instance they want to go to Mars

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and they have to get some big boosters

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up there or something like that I don't

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see the National aerospace plane taking

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that kind of payload up there the

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National aerospace plane is expected to

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yield a high payoff for the United

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States in the early 21st century with

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reduced space launch costs vastly

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reduced transit time on long-haul air

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routes major investments by private

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enterprise in commercial space ventures

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and sustained us preeminence in